The Highest Levels of Maslow’s Hierarchical Needs: Self-actualization and Self-transcendence
Journal of Qualitative Research in Education October 25, 2019
Maslow, toward the end of his life, highlighted a new stage of needs called self-transcendence, which represents the highest level of his hierarchy in a phenomenological structure for psychological aspects. Self-transcendence indicates both intrinsic and extrinsic developmental processes of an individual, producing independence, self-actualization, identity achievement, and effective social connection. This study is the first to express the statement of self-transcendence in Turkish language. It also evaluated that cultural and individualized factors of recent studies may present differences in self-actualization and self-transcendence, leading to consideration of developing tests and scales related to self-transcendence level, hoping to update services in education, psychology, and counseling.