From model psychosis to rapid antidepressant: a historical and conceptual review of ketamine's psychiatric history.
Ther Adv Psychopharmacol December 11, 2025 Casimiro Cabrera Abreu, Aleksandar Biorac, Ross J. Baldessarini et al.
Ketamine’s development in psychiatry exemplifies the evolution of psychopharmacology over six decades. Originally introduced as a dissociative anesthetic and psychotomimetic probe, ketamine has been repositioned as a rapidly acting antidepressant, particularly for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). This narrative review draws on historical sources, clinical trials, regulatory documents, and...