Molecular Mechanisms and Toxic Effects of Ketamine.
Fa yi xue za zhi April 25, 2025 Yu-Meng Zuo, Wei Han, Jian-Bo Zhang et al.
Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic. It is clinically used as a surgical anesthetic or anesthetic inducer and has a certain degree of mental dependence. Its abuse can lead to nerve damage, adverse emotional reactions and other toxic side effects. The primary mechanism by which ketamine exerts its pharmacological effects is to block N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR). It also functions...