Opioid addiction remains a national crisis in the United States despite available treatments. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and subanesthetic ketamine are each effective for opioid use disorders (OUD) when used alone, but their benefits can fade after treatment stops. No prior study has combined both treatments for OUD. TIMBER therapy, which alters emotionally charged memories through extinction and reconsolidation, has been successful in chronic PTSD and with ketamine. TIMBER balances memory extinction and reconsolidation approaches, avoiding over-flooding or retraumatization, and shows superior efficacy in PTSD and potential benefit in substance use disorders.
Sociality in primates, including humans, arises from the social brain—a complex relationship between brain size, neural network richness and selectivity, and behavioral complexities from bonded relationships. Neuroimaging and cognitive neuroscience show that more extensive neural networks produce more powerful social experiences. Yoga and meditation, ancient and inexpensive practices with broad health benefits, induce neuroplasticity through multiple mechanisms in a dynamic brain model that has replaced the static view. Over the last two decades, scientific advances demonstrate positive effects of yoga and meditation on physical and emotional health, including functional and permanent structural brain changes. This chapter synthesizes psychobiological concomitants and socioclinical implications across positive psychology, spirituality, neuroimaging, neurophysiology, cognitive neuroscience, and neuroimmunoendocrinology to foster multidisciplinary collaborations for integrated management of social brain deficits.