Extending the Transhuman Person: Religious Practices as Cognitive Technological Enhancements
Religions March 26, 2025 Tobias Tanton 3 citations
Transhumanism typically assumes that mental capacities are brain-bound and that enhancement requires modifying the organism. 4E cognition challenges this by showing how cognitive processes recruit environmental resources. Andy Clark argues that cognitive enhancement occurs through tools and niches that enable brain–body–world coalitions to perform more efficient functions, making humans 'natural-born cyborgs.' This article extends that analysis to religion, arguing that religious practices function as cognitive technologies that count as enhancements. These insights reframe the dialogue between Christian theology and transhumanism: enhancements belong to a long history of self-modification, humans are intrinsically technological, and theologians are already in the enhancement game while transhumanists should consider religious practices.