The concept of God in Javanese mysticism (Sangkan Paraning Dumadi) and Advaita Vedanta of Adi Śańkarācārya is monistic theism, or transcendent monotheism, where God is one. In Javanese mysticism, the universe originates from God and will return to God; in Advaita Vedanta, Brahman is the absolute reality, and everything else, including nature, is an illusion of Maya. God consciousness cannot be reached by reason or empirically but through the senses in mind. Javanese mysticism uses practices of Heneng, Hening, Henong, and Catur Lampah Laku to achieve Manunggaling Kawula Gusti, while Advaita Vedanta removes the veils of Maya and avidya (ignorance) to unite Atman and Brahman.
In Balinese Hindu manuscripts, sacred sexuality (Smara Sādhanā) is a spiritual practice rooted in Tantrāyāna non-dualism, where sexual union symbolizes and actualizes the unity of consciousness (Puruṣa) and creative energy (Prakṛti). The body is a microcosm, and sexual union becomes a medium for attaining higher consciousness (ānanda). Knowledge of sexuality comes from sacred texts, direct experience, reasoning, and spiritual realization. The texts challenge reductionist views, presenting sexuality as a path of spiritual transformation integrated with dharma and ethical relations, aiming to prevent deviant sexual behavior by framing sex as sacred activity.