A new liquid deposition method using a modified technical pen, integrated into a pharmaceutical printer, can produce oral films containing ultra-low doses of desmopressin, a hormone used for diabetes insipidus. The gravity-driven mechanism dispenses ink precisely without external thermal, pneumatic, or electrical inputs that might stress molecules. Films (2 × 4 cm) were made with therapeutically relevant doses (33–134 µg) by depositing up to four layers. The system achieved approximately 100% dose accuracy, with drug content strongly correlating with layer number. Films disintegrated rapidly and released the drug immediately, with no degradation over one month. Only 1 mL of ink can produce up to 238 single-layer films, making the approach precise, cost-effective, and promising for low-dose personalized medicine, including biologics.
Mystical knowledge in Islamic thought can be understood as direct, non-representational awareness rather than mere subjective intuition, according to Mehdi Ha’iri Yazdi’s concept of Knowledge through Presence (al-‘ilm al-huduri). Yazdi’s epistemological framework bridges classical Islamic illuminationist philosophy (hikmah al-ishraq) and contemporary philosophical discourse by emphasizing the existential unity between the knower and the known. The analysis of his work, *The Principles of Epistemology in Islamic Philosophy*, shows that his approach integrates rational analysis, metaphysical realism, and spiritual experience, offering an alternative to Western dualistic epistemologies. This model reaffirms the legitimacy of mystical consciousness as a valid source of knowledge in contemporary Islamic philosophy.