Drug-centered or drug-assisted? Epistemic perspectives and methodological tensions in psychedelic psychotherapy
European Journal for Philosophy of Science October 25, 2025 Karen Yan, Chao Ni, Yun-Ying Kuo et al.
Abstract This paper distinguishes the drug-centered view of psychedelics (DCP) and the drug-assisted view of psychedelics (DAP). While these approaches differ conceptually, both rely on the methodology of evidence-based medicine, using randomized controlled trials to validate therapeutic efficacy. Using MDMA-assisted psychotherapy as a case study of DAP, we reconstruct the causal reasoning...