This chapter challenges the binary view of consciousness, proposing a nonbinary framework that sees consciousness as a continuum. Drawing from cognitive neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy, it explores states like dreaming, meditation, blindsight, and near-death experiences to illustrate the limitations of binary thinking. The discussion extends to artificial intelligence, questioning its...
Mindfulness meditation is sometimes taught as an adjunct to pain management techniques, but scant research has examined the mechanisms by which it works. We compared the effects of different types of meditation (i.e., mindfulness relaxation vs. loving-kindness) on pain tolerance and pain threshold, pain reactivity, self-reported pain levels, and pleasure during a cold pressor task. Furthermore,...