Ketamine – More mechanisms of action than just NMDA blockade
Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care March 22, 2014 Jamie Sleigh, Martyn Harvey, Logan J. Voss et al. 441 citations
Ketamine has been in clinical use for over half a century, yet its precise mechanisms of action remain mysterious for the large part. Its hypnotic effects appear to be largely mediated by blockade of NMDA and HCN1 receptors, but cholinergic, aminergic, and opioid systems appear to play both a positive and negative modulatory role in both sedation and analgesia. Ketamine's effects in chronic...