Aeruginascin, a naturally occurring tryptamine compound found in certain mushroom species, has much weaker activity at serotonin receptors compared to psilocybin, with binding affinities several orders of magnitude lower. Its active metabolite, 4-HO-TMT, binds at 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2B receptors with inhibition constants of 4400, 670, and 120 nM respectively, versus psilocybin's 567.4, 107.2, and 4.6 nM. As a quaternary trimethylammonium compound, it is less likely to cross the blood-brain barrier. The limited data suggest aeruginascin's direct contribution to any entourage effect in psychedelic mushrooms is limited.
Among Polish dentists surveyed in 2013-2014, 13.2% were active nicotine users, with an average smoking duration of 20 years and 15 cigarettes per day. Moderate dependence was most common, and 44.4% had never tried to quit. Non-smokers were more often women, pedodontists, and younger practitioners, while active users were more common among men, dentists over 44, and surgical specialists. 73% of respondents had never learned the basics of minimal anti-nicotine intervention. The prevalence of nicotine addiction was 10% lower than in the general population but average compared to foreign studies. Reducing nicotine use among Polish dentists by 5% is recommended through better dissemination of anti-nicotine knowledge.