Joseph J. Downing

The Psychological and Physiological Effects of MDMA on Normal Volunteers

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs October 1, 1986 Joseph J. Downing 227 citations

The experimental subjects were older than the average general population, more educated and considerably experienced in drug use. They considered themselves to have benefited by their MDMA experience, with no evidence of harm. There were moderate, consistent biochemical, cardiovascular and neurobehavioral changes within normal limits that peaked between one and two hours following ingestion,...