Modulation of ER Stress and Inflammation by S-Ketamine, R-Ketamine, and Their Metabolites in Human Microglial Cells: Insights into Novel Targets for Depression Therapy.
Cells June 3, 2025 Marta Jóźwiak-Bębenista, Anna Wiktorowska-Owczarek, Małgorzata Siatkowska et al. 4 citations
Despite affecting millions worldwide, major depressive disorder (MDD) remains a therapeutic challenge, with approximately one-third of patients failing to respond to standard treatments. The need for innovative, molecularly driven therapies has turned attention to ketamine and its enantiomers. While S-ketamine is clinically approved for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), it has various...