From Verbal Attribution to Internal Measurement A Cross-System Framework for Comparing Human Brain and Artificial Intelligence Responses to External Stimuli
OSF Preprints October 19, 2026 Ricky Lee preprint
Abstract Public discussions about whether artificial intelligence possesses emotions, subjective experience, or even consciousness often rely on linguistic output, behavioral performance, and observers’ judgments. An AI system’s ability to describe its own state is not, by itself, sufficient to demonstrate subjective experience. At the same time, the fact that an AI system is non-biological...