Neuropsychopharmacology
September 21, 2026
Balwinder Singh, Hossam M Ali, Alessandro Miola et al.
Disrupted excitation-inhibition (E/I) balance involving GABA and glutamate (Glu) is implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. Ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist with rapid antidepressant properties, may modulate this balance, yet proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS) studies report inconsistent findings regarding the direction, magnitude, and timing of neurochemical effects....
Journal of Affective Disorders
December 15, 2024
Ethan Faries, Landon A Mabe, Ronald L Franzen et al.
13 citations
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly prevalent in youth. Conventional treatment paradigms primarily involve selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and psychotherapy, yet a significant proportion of this population exhibits treatment-resistant depression (TRD). In adults, interventional therapies like Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation...
Journal of Affective Disorders
July 1, 2024
Ashok Seshadri, Larry J. Prokop, Balwinder Singh
50 citations
Intravenous (IV) racemic ketamine and intranasal (IN) esketamine have demonstrated rapid antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ketamine and esketamine at various dosages for depression. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with parallel group dose comparison of ketamine and esketamine for...
Bipolar Disorders
June 1, 2024
Rakesh Kumar, Nicolas A. Nunez, Neha Joshi et al.
AbstractBackgroundKetamine is increasingly used for treatment‐resistant depression (TRD) while its mechanism of action is still being investigated. In this systematic review, we appraise the current evidence of metabolomic biomarkers for racemic ketamine and esketamine in patients with TRD and healthy controls (HCs).MethodsA comprehensive search of several databases (Ovid MEDLINE®, Embase, and...
Brain Sciences
December 22, 2023
Nicolas A. Nunez, Boney Joseph, Rakesh Kumar et al.
20 citations
Ketamine has shown rapid antidepressant and anti-suicidal effects in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) with single and serial intravenous (IV) infusions, but the effectiveness for depressive episodes of bipolar disorder is less clear. We conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to appraise the current evidence on the efficacy and tolerability of ketamine/esketamine in bipolar...