Zhishen Zhang

Mindfulness-based controlled breathing and the effect on performing a transnasal endoscopy: a quasi-experimental study.

Frontiers in Medicine March 30, 2026 Lei Sun, Xiaona Sun, Zhishen Zhang et al.

Purpose: Transnasal endoscopy is the traditional modality of choice to evaluate the upper gastrointestinal tract, and patient anxiety and the unpleasantness of medical procedures remain a major problem in clinical practice. In this study, we examined whether mindful breathing can improve patients' wellbeing before nasal endoscopy. Methodology: This prospective, non-randomized controlled trial...