Christopher Wood

Facing the possibility of consciousness in human brain organoids.

Patterns September 12, 2025 Christopher Wood, Hao Wang, Wei-Jun Yang et al.

Human brain organoids (HBOs) have emerged as transformative models for neurodevelopment and disease, yet ethical concerns persist regarding their potential to develop consciousness. Since 2020, a growing cohort of neuroscientists and philosophers has dismissed these concerns as unscientific, citing limited structural complexity, absence of bodily integration and environmental interaction, and a...