Associations between pain, anxiety and depression and mindfulness in patients with burning mouth syndrome: a cross-sectional study
Journal of Oral and Facial Pain and Headache September 1, 2025 Jing He, Jun-Jiang Liu, Xin Ye et al.
Background: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic pain disorder affecting the oral mucosa, often accompanied by psychological comorbidities. Higher levels of mindfulness have been associated with reduced pain and fewer emotional symptoms in some chronic pain conditions, but its role in BMS remains inadequately explored. Methods: 146 patients diagnosed with BMS, according to the...