International Journal of Legal Medicine
August 12, 2026
Stefanie Plenzig, Friederike Pijahn, Alexander Müller et al.
Abstract A man in his early twenties had been hospitalized due to acute nitrous oxide intoxication, during which a vitamin B12 deficiency and anaemia were also diagnosed. Two weeks later he was found dead in his apartment. Twenty empty nitrous oxide cartridges were found next to the body, and according to his mother, he had been using nitrous oxide excessively for approximately two months. The...
Forensic Science International
November 1, 2024
Julian Bickel, Alexander Müller, Hilke Jungen et al.
3 citations
Drug-related fatalities in the EU are predominantly associated with opioids. MDMA (Ecstasy) consumption results in fewer lethal intoxications despite its widespread use. This study investigates MDMA-related fatalities, focusing on enantiomer ratios of MDMA and its metabolite MDA to explore the role of metabolism in fatal outcomes. MDMA induces euphoria, increased empathy, and physiological...
International Journal of Legal Medicine
2019
Stefanie Iwersen-Bergmann, S Lehmann, A Heinemann et al.
20 citations
Reports of intoxications with new psychoactive substances (NPS) mostly involve young people, as they are the main consumers of these types of drugs. This report centers on a case that was unusual due to it being a mass-poisoning event involving middle-aged individuals who had consumed a combination of the two different new psychoactive drugs 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylphenethylamine (2C-E) and...
Deutsches Arzteblatt international
September 2008
Hilke Andresen, Thomas Stimpfl, Nadine Sprys et al.
Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB, "liquid ecstasy") and its legal pro-drugs gamma-butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol are gaining in importance as recreational drugs in Germany. The effects of these substances are comparable with those of alcohol or benzodiazepines. Because of the wide availability of GHB physicians are increasingly being confronted with cases of intoxication. This review is based...