Reconfiguring Subjectivity in the Hard Problem of Consciousness: Varela’s Neurophenomenology and Mullā Ṣadrā’s Knowledge by Presence
Jurnal Fuaduna : Jurnal Kajian Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan June 30, 2026 Abdurrahman Abdurrahman, Mohammad Subhi, Dhea Dayuranggi Meghatruh
This article examines the problem of subjectivity in David Chalmers’ formulation of the hard problem of consciousness, particularly the difficulty of explaining subjective experience and qualia within a predominantly third-person scientific framework. The study argues that the exclusion or marginalization of the experiencing subject generates both a methodological limitation in investigating...