We previously reported that a single injection of (R,S)-ketamine or its metabolite (2S,6S)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK) prior to stress attenuated learned fear. However, whether these drugs attenuate learned fear through divergent or convergent effects on neural activity remains to be determined. 129S6/SvEv male mice were injected with saline, (R,S)-ketamine, or (2S,6S)-HNK 1 week before a 3-shock...
BACKGROUND We previously reported that a single injection of ketamine prior to stress protects against the onset of depressive-like behavior and attenuates learned fear. However, the molecular pathways and brain circuits underlying ketamine-induced stress resilience are still largely unknown. METHODS Here, we tested if prophylactic ketamine administration altered neural activity in the...