Evaluating the Sense of Embodiment through Out-of-Body Experience and Tactile Feedback
International Conference on Virtual Reality Continuum and its Applications in Industry December 27, 2022 Dixuan Cui, Christos Mousas
Out-of-body experience (OBE) in virtual reality (VR) can be induced by switching from first-person perspective (1PP) to third-person perspective (3PP). This study examined how combining 3PP with tactile feedback affects the sense of embodiment across five dimensions: body ownership, agency, tactile sensations, body location, and response to external stimuli. In a 2×2 VR experiment (OBE: 1PP vs. 3PP × Tactile Feedback: with vs. without), 3PP decreased body ownership, agency, and location. Enabling tactile feedback induced tactile sensations and responses to external stimuli. The findings suggest that OBE and tactile feedback influence different aspects of embodiment.