The various ways schools of psychotherapy relate to dreams have been marked by isolationism and mutual conflict rather than self-examination and then integrating the discoveries and methods of other schools. Jung's method was in opposition to Freud's psychoanalysis. Existential psychology was dismissive of Freud's and Jung's discoveries, while cognitive dream interpretation and cognitive...
One of the most salient features of dreams is the continual appearance of characters and the interactions between them. Personification appears as interactions between the dream self and other characters, and general patterns become more obvious than in waking life. Aspiring to simulate human reality, artificial intelligence research has found that practical intelligence does not work through...
Cognitive dream theory is based on observations of the parallels between dreaming and waking cognition, the so-called ‘continuity hypothesis’. Many studies indicate that sleep and dreaming contribute to storing and consolidating elements of memory in various systems with differing functions. Robert Hoss, a former president of the International Association for the Study of Dreams, has described...