The Undivided River: Indus Valley Civilization, Buddhist Gandhara, and the Sufi Continuity of Sacred Civilization in the Indus Basin
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) June 4, 2026 Saad Khizar Bosal
This work proposes five structural continuities linking the Indus Valley Civilization (c. 3300-1300 BCE) through Buddhist Gandhara (c. 250 BCE-700 CE) to the Alid-Sufi tradition: the holy person as a divine access point, the sacred mound as architectural theology, repetitive sonic technology as spiritual instrument, devotional music as a path to God, and ego dissolution as a spiritual apex. It contends that the Great Bath of Mohenjo-daro and the dargah of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar are connected by thirty kilometers of Sindhi landscape and four thousand years of recognition, arguing for a sustained cultural transmission across these periods.