"Wild cannabis": A review of the traditional use and phytochemistry of Leonotis leonurus.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology November 4, 2015 Baudry N Nsuala, Gill Enslin, Alvaro Viljoen
Leonotis leonurus, known as "wilde dagga," is traditionally used in South African medicine for conditions like haemorrhoids, epilepsy, and skin issues, and is smoked for a mild euphoric effect similar to but less potent than cannabis. This review of literature from 1900 to 2015 covers the plant's botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, biological activity, toxicity, and commercial aspects. Over 50 compounds, mainly terpenoids like the labdane diterpene marrubiin, have been isolated. The psychoactive alkaloid leonurine, often cited in popular sources, has never been confirmed by scientific analysis. Research confirms psychoactive effects of crude extracts, but isolation of specific psychoactive compounds is still needed. Adulteration with synthetic cannabinoids has been reported, underscoring the need for quality control.