Nightmare frequency, nightmare distress, and psychopathology in female victims of childhood maltreatment.
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease September 1, 2013 Mylène Duval, Pierre McDuff, Antonio Zadra
Among 352 female undergraduates, those who experienced more severe childhood maltreatment reported more frequent disturbing dreams, higher nightmare distress, and greater psychopathology. Nightmare distress predicted disturbed dreaming frequency beyond the effects of psychopathology and childhood trauma. The findings underscore the need to assess the waking distress linked to disturbing dreams separately from how often they occur.