Gazzâlî’nin Kendini Gerçekleştirme Sürecinde Yaşadığı Bilinç Farklılıkları (el-Münkız Mine’d-Dalâl Merkezli Bir İnceleme)
İdrak Dini Araştırmalar Dergisi January 27, 2026 Yeliz Akkaya Türkol
According to Maslow, self-actualization requires satisfying the hierarchy of needs: physiological needs, safety, love and belonging, and esteem. When self-actualization is fulfilled, transcendent consciousness experiences may occur, characterized by a feeling of oneness with the universe and altered states of consciousness. In contrast, Islamic mysticism (Sufism) holds that neglecting physical, security, love, belonging, esteem, and other worldly needs matures the raw consciousness, enabling the individual to become a perfect human (insan-ı kâmil) and experience metaphysical states. In his autobiographical work Al-Munqidh min al-Dalal, Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazali (d.