Islamic Neurofeedback: Measurement of Brain Activity in Dhikr Meditation for the Development of the Concept of Self-Regulated Learning
Al-Dirasah Jurnal Pendidikan Islam April 20, 2025 Fiqah Nugrawati Abdullah, Wahyuni Wahyuni, Abdul Kirom et al.
Integrating dhikr (Islamic meditative prayer) with neurofeedback training over four weeks improved self-regulated learning skills in Muslim students aged 18–25. Brain activity showed increased alpha and theta waves and decreased beta and gamma waves during and after dhikr practice. Self-regulated learning scores improved significantly, with large effects on metacognitive ability, self-efficacy, and regulation of effort. Strong positive correlations emerged between increased alpha and theta waves and higher self-regulated learning scores. Qualitative interviews revealed five themes: heightened internal awareness, mental calmness, strengthened spiritual connection, transfer of skills to learning, and the helpful role of neurofeedback visualization. The findings suggest this combined approach may offer an educational model integrating cognitive and spiritual development.