Seneca Meets the Buddha: The Relationship Between Buddhist and Stoic Mindfulness
Mindfulness June 3, 2026 Johannes A. Karl, Ronald Fischer, Tim LeBon
Two cross-sectional studies examined the relationship between Buddhist-derived mindfulness and Stoic attitudes. In Study 1, 1,781 New Zealand undergraduates completed measures of mindfulness and Stoic attitudes. Study 2 replicated the analysis in 287 Australian adults using a different mindfulness measure. Network analysis identified Stoic Mindfulness as the primary bridge connecting the two traditions, showing strongest links with Non-Reactivity (Study 1) and Insightful Understanding (Study 2). However, Non-Reactivity was negatively associated with Stoic Ethical Development/Compassion, and Beliefs about Control consistently showed negative associations with mindfulness facets. Findings suggest that while Stoic Mindfulness bridges the traditions, certain mindfulness approaches may reduce pro-social motivation, highlighting potential benefits of integrating Stoic ethical frameworks.