Loss and separation from loved ones are unavoidable human experiences, and Buddhism identifies them as a form of suffering (piyehi vippayogo dukkho). The Buddha taught that the path to ending this suffering is the Noble Eightfold Path, also called the Middle Way, which avoids self-mortification and sensual indulgence. This path—comprising right view, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration—can serve as therapy for coping with loss. It helps reduce the risk of self-indulgence and self-destructive behavior caused by emotional turmoil, offering a way to adopt a proper attitude and manage negative emotions.
A mixed-method study developed 39 indicators for mindfulness, wisdom, and virtue based on Buddhist principles and modern science. Qualitative data came from documentary analysis, interviews with 7 key informants, and a focus group of 8 education specialists; quantitative data came from 375 Buddhist university students. Mindfulness (sati) helped people stay present and emotionally balanced, wisdom (paññā) improved problem-solving and adaptability, and virtue (sīla or guṇa-dhamma) encouraged ethical behavior and responsibility. The indicators align with the Threefold Training (tisikkha) and have thirteen sub-components. Students strongly agreed on the importance of these qualities, and experts emphasized measuring them through real-life actions rather than self-reports.