Functional reorganization of the brain in distinct frequency bands during eyes-open meditation.
Consciousness and Cognition October 28, 2023 G Pradeep Kumar, Kanishka Sharma, A Adarsh et al.
Long-term Brahmakumaris Rajyoga meditators practicing eyes-open meditation show increased functional connectivity in higher theta and alpha brainwave bands both within and across hemispheres, measured by pairwise phase consistency. Controls listening to music show no change in theta band. During baseline, meditators exhibit greater interhemispheric anterior-to-posterior integration in higher beta and slow gamma bands than controls. Increased integration between frontal electrodes in meditators suggests heightened self-awareness, while reduced occipital pairwise phase consistency relative to controls indicates modified visual processing from long-term eyes-open practice. These connectivity changes support the communication-through-coherence hypothesis and cortical integration theory during meditation-induced non-ordinary states.