Treatment-resistant depression (TRD), defined by unsuccessful response to multiple antidepressants, affects approximately one-third of individuals with major depressive disorder, yet its underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we developed a preclinical model of TRD in which mice exposed to chronic social defeat stress were sequentially treated with fluoxetine (FLX) and...
The prevalence of stress-induced disorders, including depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and postpartum depression, has been increasing, while current treatment approaches are limited. As a result, researchers are exploring alternative treatments that include ketamine as a prophylactic against these disorders. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the use...
Biological PsychiatryJune 19, 2013Eric M Parise, Lyonna F. Alcantara, Brandon L. Warren et al.
Background Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) afflicts up to 10% of adolescents. However, nearly 50% of those afflicted are considered non-responsive to available treatments. Ketamine, a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist has shown potential as a rapid-acting and long-lasting treatment for MDD in adults. Thus, the effectiveness and functional consequences of ketamine...