Recreational nitrous oxide (N2O) misuse is an increasing public health problem associated with functional cobalamin (B12) deficiency and severe neurological complications. Despite growing recognition of its harms, the dose-response relationship and clinical value of biomarkers remain unclear. This study aimed to characterize the demographics, patterns of use, outcomes, and biomarker utility in...
Aims: Recreational nitrous oxide (N 2 O) misuse is a growing problem. It can cause functional hydroxycobalamin (B 12 ) deficiency and severe neurological complications. Despite increasing harms, the dose-response relationship and clinical value of biomarkers remain unclear. This study aimed to characterise the demographics, patterns of use, outcomes, and biomarker utility in patients...