Trait mindfulness is negatively correlated with dysfunctional impulsivity and positively correlated with functional impulsivity. Meditation experience predicts trait mindfulness but has only a limited moderating effect on the relationship between impulsivity and mindfulness. The findings highlight that impulsivity is not a single construct and that individual differences shape how impulsivity and mindfulness relate.
A hypothesis paper proposes the Sphere Model of Consciousness (SMC) to examine consciousness and self-awareness, aiming to address methodological issues in consciousness research. It presents a preliminary attempt to validate the SMC using a simplified electrophysiological topographic map of the Self, showing a gradual shift from faster to slower frequency bands that mirrors dynamics between SMC states of Self. A mini-review of studies explores whether different SMC states of Self correspond to specific frequency bands, and the theoretical argument suggests the SMC's hierarchical organization of three states of Self mirrors the hierarchy of Focused Attention, Open Monitoring, and Non-Dual meditation types. Testable predictions and potential applications are offered.