Frontiers in Psychology
2025
Mikel Jimenez, Antonio Prieto, Pedro R Montoro et al.
Since the early experimental studies of the late 19th century, research on unconscious perception has been shaped by persistent methodological challenges and evolving experimental approaches aimed at demonstrating perception without awareness. In this review, we will discuss some of the most relevant challenges researchers have faced in demonstrating unconscious perception, and examine how...
Journal of Cognition
2024
Markus Kiefer, Thomas Kammer
Within the realm of consciousness research, different methods of measuring the content of visual awareness are used: On the one hand, subjective measures require a report of sensory experiences related to a stimulus. On the other hand, objective measures rely on the observer's performance to accurately detect or discriminate the stimulus. The most appropriate measure of awareness is currently...
PLoS One
October 6, 2023
Markus Kiefer, Verena Frühauf, Thomas Kammer
Within consciousness research, the most appropriate assessment of visual awareness is matter of a controversial debate: Subjective measures rely on introspections of the observer related to perceptual experiences, whereas objective measures are based on performance of the observer to accurately detect or discriminate the stimulus in question across a series of trials. In the present study, we...
Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition
February 1, 2023
Markus Kiefer, Marcel Harpaintner, Michaela Rohr et al.
Ratings of perceptual experience on a trial-by-trial basis are increasingly used in masked priming studies to assess prime awareness. It is argued that such subjective ratings more adequately capture the content of phenomenal consciousness compared to the standard objective psychophysical measures obtained in a session after the priming experiment. However, the concurrent implementation of the...
Advances in Cognitive Psychology
2011
Markus Kiefer, Ulrich Ansorge, John–dylan Haynes et al.
52 citations
Psychological and neuroscience approaches have promoted much progress in elucidating the cognitive and neural mechanisms that underlie phenomenal visual awareness during the last decades. In this article, we provide an overview of the latest research investigating important phenomena in conscious and unconscious vision. We identify general principles to characterize conscious and unconscious...