Noradrenaline and acetylcholine shape functional connectivity organization of NREM substages: An empirical and simulation study
PLoS Computational Biology October 28, 2025 Fernando Lehue, Carlos Coronel-Oliveros, Vicente Medel et al. 1 citation
Sleep onset is characterized by a departure from arousal, and can be separated into well-differentiated stages: NREM (which encompasses three substages: N1, N2 and N3) and REM (Rapid Eye Movement). Awake brain dynamics are maintained by various wake-promoting mechanisms, particularly the neuromodulators Acetylcholine (ACh) and Noradrenaline (NA), whose levels naturally decrease during the...