Synthetic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol elicits schizophrenia-like negative symptoms which are distinct from sedation.
Paul D. Morrison, J M Stone
Human psychopharmacology January 2011 DOI: 10.1002/hup.1166 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Randomized controlled trial Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 22 |
| Population | Healthy male volunteers |
| Intervention | delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) |
| Dose | 2.5 mg |
| Measures | community assessment of psychic experiences scale (CAPE), mood-adjective check-list (UMACL) |
| Topics | Cannabis |
| Key findings | Intravenous THC (2.5 mg) increased self-reported negative symptoms on the CAPE scale compared with baseline, while placebo did not (p < 0.001). The increase was not related to sedation or plasma THC levels, suggesting THC can elicit schizophrenia-like negative symptoms at recreational-use concentrations. |
Abstract
It is unknown if cannabis recreates the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Healthy male volunteers (n = 22) completed two experimental sessions in which they received intravenous (IV) delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) 2.5 mg or placebo in a randomised counterbalanced order. Negative symptoms were rated using the self-reported community assessment of psychic experiences scale (CAPE). Sedation was rated using the mood-adjective check-list (UMACL). Plasma concentrations of THC were measured over the course of the study. Data were analysed by non-parametric tests. Participants reported an increase in negative symptoms from baseline under THC but not placebo conditions (p < 0.001). Negative symptoms showed no relationship with self-rated sedation or plasma concentrations of THC. At plasma concentrations resembling recreational use, THC elicited schizophrenia-like negative symptoms which were not merely attributable to sedation. In the community, negative symptoms may be an adverse effect of cannabis use.
Comparable studies
Other randomized controlled trials on cannabis, most cited first.
| Study | Year | Design | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cannabidiol inhibits THC-elicited paranoid symptoms and hippocampal-dependent memory impairment Healthy participants | 2012 | Randomized controlled trial | n = 48 |
| Distinct Effects of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol on Neural Activation During Emotional Processing Healthy, English-native, right-handed men who had used cannabis 15 times or less in... | 2009 | Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial | n = 15 |
| Acute Effects of a Single, Oral dose of d9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD) Administration in Healthy Volunteers Healthy male subjects | 2012 | Randomized controlled trial | n = 16 |
| Modulation of Mediotemporal and Ventrostriatal Function in Humans by Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Healthy, native English-speaking, right-handed men of white race/ethnicity who had used... | 2009 | Randomized controlled trial | n = 15 |
| Cannabidiol (CBD) content in vaporized cannabis does not prevent tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-induced impairment of driving and cognition Healthy volunteers with a history of light cannabis use | 2019 | Randomized, double-blind, within-subjects crossover | n = 14 |
Citations in the library
Cited by 13
- Gone to Pot – A Review of the Association between Cannabis and Psychosis Frontiers in Psychiatry May 22, 2014
- The neuropsychopharmacology of cannabis: A review of human imaging studies Pharmacology & Therapeutics October 20, 2018
- Drug models of schizophrenia. Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology February 1, 2015
- Human Laboratory Studies on Cannabinoids and Psychosis. Biological Psychiatry April 1, 2016
- The Construct of Medical and Non-Medical Marijuana—Critical Review International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health February 27, 2022
and 8 more in the library
Cites 5
- High-potency cannabis and the risk of psychosis The British Journal of Psychiatry November 30, 2009
- The acute effects of synthetic intravenous Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on psychosis, mood and cognitive functioning. Psychological Medicine October 2009
- The diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids: delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and delta9-tetrahydrocannabivarin. British Journal of Pharmacology January 2008
- Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol effects in schizophrenia: implications for cognition, psychosis, and addiction. Biological Psychiatry March 15, 2005
- The psychotomimetic effects of intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in healthy individuals: implications for psychosis. Neuropsychopharmacology August 2004