Set, Setting, and Matrix
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs June 1, 1997 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.1997.10400190 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Theoretical or philosophical paper Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Citations | 129 |
| Key points | Argues that psychedelic-assisted therapy should draw on detailed accounts of past researchers' successes and failures, and that successful sessions depend on "set" (the patient's personality and experiences), "setting" (the session environment), and a proposed third element, "matrix" (the environment the person comes from, lives in during sessions, and returns to afterward). |
Abstract
The future use of psychedelics as an aid to therapeutic change is bound to come. The best source of information on how to use these extraordinary drugs is clearly a detailed description of the successes (and failures) of those researchers who have used these compounds to bring curative, creative and growth-potentiating experiences to their patients. A study of their work is recommended in order to identify those elements that lead to successful sessions. Two known essential elements are "set," which involves the personality and experiences of the patient, and "setting," which has to do with the environment of the session. A third element of importance is that of "matrix," which includes consideration of the environment (1) from which an individual comes, (2) in which the individual lives during the time of the sessions, and (3) to which the individual returns after successful therapy--the everyday living space; these three elements are discussed.
Citations in the library
Cited by 101
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- Prediction of Psilocybin Response in Healthy Volunteers PLoS One February 17, 2012
- Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy: A Paradigm Shift in Psychiatric Research and Development Frontiers in Pharmacology July 5, 2018
- Great Expectations: recommendations for improving the methodological rigor of psychedelic clinical trials Psychopharmacology April 1, 2022
- Making "bad trips" good: How users of psychedelics narratively transform challenging trips into valuable experiences. International Journal of Drug Policy 2021
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