Mindfulness, self-compassion and spiritual well-being in chronic depression
E. Silva, S. Simões, H. Espírito-Santo, M. Marques, L. Lemos
European Psychiatry March 1, 2016 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1501 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Observational cross-sectional study Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 63 |
| Population | Patients diagnosed with chronic depression treated in a residential therapeutic community, aged 15-50 years (mean 32.84, SD 10.24); 32 assessed during treatment and 31 after treatment |
| Duration | Six to eight months of residential therapeutic community treatment; assessment during or after treatment (post-treatment group concluded less than a year earlier) |
| Measures | Beck Depression Inventory, Questionnaire of the Five Facets of Mindfulness, Self-Compassion Scale, Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire |
| Topics | Depression Meditation |
| Key findings | Among 63 patients with chronic depression, those assessed after a six- to eight-month residential therapeutic intervention reported higher mindfulness and self-compassion (common humanity) and lower over-identification than those assessed during treatment. Depression was predicted by greater self-judgment and, inversely, by the mindfulness facets of non-reactivity and non-judging and the spiritual well-being dimension of personal well-being. The authors argue this supports positive-psychology interventions that enhance positive experience rather than focus on deficits. |
Abstract
Introduction: Depression is one of the main causes of incapacity worldwide. Research has shown that mindfulness practice, self-compassion promotion, and spiritual well-being are beneficial for depressed individuals.
Objective: Analyze the associations between compassion, mindfulness, and spiritual well-being, during and after a therapeutic intervention (concluded less than a year ago).
Aims: To determine if mindfulness, self-compassion, and spiritual well-being are predictors of depression.
Method: Patients diagnosed with chronic depression were treated in a residential therapeutic community for a period of six to eight months. The 63 participants (M = 32.84, SD = 10.24, range = 15–50 years old; 32 during treatment; 31 after treatment) were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory, the Questionnaire of the Five Facets of Mindfulness, the Self-Compassion Scale, and the Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire.
Results: There were differences in mindfulness, self-compassion, spiritual well-being and depression by sex, existence of previous psychiatric treatment, moment of the study (during versus after intervention), and depression levels. After intervention the group had higher levels of mindfulness and self-compassion (common humanity) and lower levels of over-identification, compared with group during treatment. The predictors of depression were the self-judgment dimension of the self-compassion scale and, negatively, the mindfulness dimensions of non-reactivity and non-judging, and the spiritual well-being dimension of personal well-being.
Conclusion: Results confirm the relationship between the study variables and depression. This reinforces the importance of intervention based on positive psychology enhancing positive areas of human experience, rather than focusing on psychological pain, weaknesses, and disabilities. Disclosure of interest: The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Comparable studies
Other cross-sectional and survey studies on depression, most cited first.