Skip to content

New Treatment Strategies of Depression: Based on Mechanisms Related to Neuroplasticity

Yu-Jhen Huang, Hsien-Yuan Lane, Chieh-Hsin Lin

Neural Plasticity 2017 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4605971 (opens in new tab)

Study at a glance

AI-extracted from the abstract
Characteristics Review Peer reviewed
Interventions Ketamine Sarcosine Transcranial magnetic stimulation Transcranial direct current stimulation Cranial electrotherapy stimulation Magnetic seizure therapy
Topics Depression Neuroplasticity
Citations 77
Key findings The authors argue that dysfunction of glutamatergic neurotransmission contributes to depression pathophysiology and that drugs modulating NMDA receptors, such as ketamine and sarcosine, as well as noninvasive brain stimulation techniques, may provide new treatment directions beyond traditional monoamine-based approaches, potentially through effects on neuroplasticity.

Abstract

Major depressive disorder is a severe and complex mental disorder. Impaired neurotransmission and disrupted signalling pathways may influence neuroplasticity, which is involved in the brain dysfunction in depression. Traditional neurobiological theories of depression, such as monoamine hypothesis, cannot fully explain the whole picture of depressive disorders. In this review, we discussed new treatment directions of depression, including modulation of glutamatergic system and noninvasive brain stimulation. Dysfunction of glutamatergic neurotransmission plays an important role in the pathophysiology of depression. Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, has rapid and lasting antidepressive effects in previous studies. In addition to ketamine, other glutamatergic modulators, such as sarcosine, also show potential antidepressant effect in animal models or clinical trials. Noninvasive brain stimulation is another new treatment strategy beyond pharmacotherapy. Growing evidence has demonstrated that superficial brain stimulations, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, cranial electrotherapy stimulation, and magnetic seizure therapy, can improve depressive symptoms. The antidepressive effect of these brain stimulations may be through modulating neuroplasticity. In conclusion, drugs that modulate neurotransmission via NMDA receptor and noninvasive brain stimulation may provide new directions of treatment for depression. Furthermore, exploring the underlying mechanisms will help in developing novel therapies for depression in the future.

Comparable studies

Other narrative reviews on neuroplasticity, most cited first.

Citations in the library

Explore topics