Role of neurotrophic and growth factors in the rapid and sustained antidepressant actions of ketamine.
Satoshi Deyama, K. Kaneda
Neuropharmacology November 17, 2022 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109335 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Review Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Intervention | Ketamine |
| Topics | Esketamine Ketamine |
| Key findings | The review argues that neurotrophic factors, particularly BDNF and VEGF, mediate the rapid and sustained antidepressant effects of ketamine and its enantiomers, based largely on rodent studies showing ketamine rapidly increases BDNF and VEGF release and expression in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, promoting spine synapse formation and neurogenesis, and persistently releases IGF-1 in male mice. These effects contrast with the slower neurotrophic actions of typical monoaminergic antidepressants. |
Abstract
The neurotrophic hypothesis of depression proposes that reduced levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) contribute to neuronal atrophy or loss in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus and impaired hippocampal adult neurogenesis, which are associated with depressive symptoms. Chronic, but acute, treatment with typical monoaminergic antidepressants can at least partially reverse these deficits, in part via induction of BDNF and/or VEGF expression, consistent with their delayed onset of action. Ketamine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, exerts rapid and sustained antidepressant effects. Rodent studies have revealed that ketamine rapidly increases BDNF and VEGF release and/or expression in the PFC and hippocampus, which in turn increases the number and function of spine synapses in the PFC and hippocampal neurogenesis. Ketamine also induces the persistent release of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in the PFC of male mice. These neurotrophic effects of ketamine are associated with its rapid and sustained antidepressant effects. In this review, we first provide an overview of the neurotrophic hypothesis of depression and then discuss the role of BDNF, VEGF, IGF-1, and other growth factors (IGF-2 and transforming growth factor-β1) in the antidepressant effects of ketamine and its enantiomers.
Comparable studies
Other narrative reviews on ketamine, most cited first.
| Study | Year | Design | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ketamine and Ketamine Metabolite Pharmacology: Insights into Therapeutic Mechanisms | 2018 | Review | |
| Mechanisms of Ketamine Action as an Antidepressant | 2018 | Review | |
| Synthesizing the Evidence for Ketamine and Esketamine in Treatment-Resistant Depression: An International Expert Opinion on the Available Evidence and Implementation Adults with treatment-resistant depression | 2021 | Review | |
| Ketamine Pharmacology: An Update (Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Aspects, Recent Findings) | 2013 | Review | |
| Ketamine | 1998 | Review |