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Potential Synergy of Lithium and Ketamine in Treatment of Recurrent Major Depression

Tony Sun, Dimitry Francois

Psychiatric Annals April 1, 2022 DOI: 10.3928/00485713-20220302-01 (opens in new tab)

Study at a glance

AI-extracted from the abstract
Characteristics Case study Case report Peer reviewed
Sample size 1
Population One hospitalized patient diagnosed with major depressive disorder
Interventions Ketamine Lithium
Duration 2.5 months of hospitalization; ketamine infusions given biweekly
Topics Depression Esketamine Ketamine
Key findings In a patient with major depressive disorder who had not responded to electroconvulsive therapy or multiple classes of antidepressants during 2.5 months of hospitalization, the authors report that biweekly ketamine infusions augmented with lithium were followed by improvement in depressive symptoms and successful discharge.

Abstract

Combination pharmacotherapy has proven to be effective in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), particularly when medications from different drug classes are combined. Lithium and ketamine, although typically not prescribed as first-line treatments, have been used individually to augment the effects of antidepressants; however, little is known about the efficacy of combined lithium and ketamine therapy in treating MDD. We present a patient diagnosed as having MDD whose biweekly ketamine infusions augmented with lithium resulted in an improvement of depressive symptoms, leading to a successful discharge following 2.5 months of hospitalization, during which the patient failed to show improvement with both electroconvulsive therapy and trials of multiple classes of antidepressants. [ Psychiatr Ann . 2022;52(4):170–172.]

Comparable studies

Other case reports and case series on ketamine for depression, most cited first.

Study Year Design Participants
Electroconvulsive Therapy, Ketamine, and Esketamine in a Patient with Major Depressive Disorder and Multiple Comorbidities: A Case Report over 10-year Treatment from Adolescence to Adulthood. A patient with treatment-resistant depression and comorbid generalized anxiety... 2025 Case report n = 1
A longitudinal case series of IM ketamine for patients with severe and enduring eating disorders and comorbid treatment‐resistant depression Patients with enduring eating disorders and treatment-resistant depression 2021 Case series n = 4
Effects of intranasal (S)-ketamine on Veterans with co-morbid treatment-resistant depression and PTSD: A retrospective case series Veterans with co-morbid depression and PTSD 2022 Retrospective case series n = 35
Case report: Intramuscular ketamine or intranasal esketamine as a treatment in four patients with major depressive disorder and comorbid anorexia nervosa Patients with anorexia nervosa and a comorbid depressive disorder treated at a private... 2023 Case report n = 4
Repeated oral esketamine in patients with treatment resistant depression and comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder Patients with treatment-resistant depression and comorbid PTSD 2023 Case series n = 5

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