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EFFECT OF MINDFULNESS MEDITATION & PRANAYAMA ON PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC DEPRESSION

S. Bose, Amjad Ali

The Social Science Review A Multidisciplinary Journal October 20, 2025 DOI: 10.70096/tssr.250307067 (opens in new tab)

Study at a glance

AI-extracted from the abstract
Characteristics Structured intervention study (pre-post, no control group) Peer reviewed
Sample size 24
Population Adults aged 18–54 with chronic depression (12 men, 12 women)
Interventions Bhastrika pranayama Anulom Vilom pranayama Mindfulness meditation
Dose Bhastrika pranayama 10 cycles, Anulom Vilom pranayama 10 cycles, mindfulness meditation 10 minutes, twice daily (morning and evening)
Duration 3 months (assessments at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks)
Measures HAM-D, Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI)
Topics Breathwork Depression Meditation
Key points Depression scores decreased markedly over three months of daily pranayama and mindfulness practice: HAM-D fell from 22.5 to 10.3 and BDI from 29.2 to 12.8. The authors propose meditation and pranayama as adjunctive therapy for chronic depression, while noting that more research is needed on long-term benefits and mechanisms.

Abstract

Depression is a major cause of disability across the world, and influences not only emotional but also cognitive health. Although medication and psychotherapy are the main approaches in treating depression, the effect of alternative methods such as mindfulness meditation and pranayama (yogic breathing techniques) have shown to be beneficial to reduce depressive symptoms. Mindfulness meditation, Bhastrika, and Anulom Vilom pranayam in chronic depression–A study. We conducted a structured intervention with 24 patients (12 men, 12 women), aged 18–54 years, for three months. Participants were asked to perform Bhastrika pranayama (10 cycles), Anulom Vilom pranayama (10 cycles) and mindfulness meditation (10 min) in the morning and evening. At baseline, six-week, and twelve-week HAM-D and Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) slope scores were used to assess depression severity. Results showed a significant decrease in depression scores, evidenced by HAM-D scores decreasing from 22.5 (severe depression) to 10.3 (mild depression) and BDI scores from 29.2 (moderate depression) to 12.8 (minimal depression). Users said they experienced improved mood or reduced anxiety and increased motivation. Including meditation and pranayama as part of daily routine may be used as adjunctive therapy for chronic depression, found this study. More research is needed to investigate the long-term benefits and the underlying neurological mechanisms.

Comparable studies

Other non-randomized and open-label trials on breathwork, most cited first.

Study Year Design Participants
Effects of Shambhavi Mahamudra Kriya , a Multicomponent Breath-Based Yogic Practice ( Pranayama ), on Perceived Stress and General Well-Being Adults (mean age 43 years) participating in a 3-day retreat 2017 Pre-post intervention study n = 142
Evaluation of easy-to-implement anti-stress interventions in a series of N-of-1 trials: study protocol of the anti-stress intervention among physicians study. Physicians in residence in Germany 2024 Series of N-of-1 trials
A multiday outdoor festival combining breathwork and cold water immersion is associated with reduced trait anxiety in a naturalistic pre-post study Attendees of the 3-day Festival du Froid (France, 2024) who provided complete paired... 2026 Naturalistic uncontrolled pre-post study n = 19
Effects of Mindfulness and Holotropic Breathwork on the Rehabilitation of Adolescents Who Use Psychoactive Substances: A Pilot Study Female adolescents aged 15–18 admitted to Fundación Grupo de Apoyo for rehabilitation... 2023 Pilot study with mixed methods exploratory design n = 18
Effects of the Brief Simha Kriya Breathing Practice for Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Health care workers at a large major cancer center in the southern United States 2024 Prospective single-arm trial n = 100

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