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Ritual Theory and Attitudes to Agency in Brazilian Spirit Possession

Steven Engler

Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 2009 DOI: 10.1163/094330509x12568874557298 (opens in new tab)

Study at a glance

AI-extracted from the abstract
Characteristics Theoretical or philosophical paper Peer reviewed
Key points Argues that formal aspects of ritual, such as indexicals, mark culturally variable attitudes to agency within rituals, which are related to but fundamentally distinct from non-ritual attitudes to agency.

Abstract

AbstractThis article works with theory of ritual in order to begin addressing a series of questions raised by Brazilian spirit possession rituals (in Kardecism and Umbanda). Four contributions to theory of ritual highlight relevant conceptual issues: Humphrey and Laidlaw on non-intentionality; Bloch on deference; Houseman and Severi on social relations; and Kapferer on virtuality. Strawson’s philosophical distinction between objective and reactive attitudes toward intentionality is used to make a case (i) that certain formal aspects of ritual (indexicals) serve to (ii) mark culturally-variable attitudes to agency within rituals, which are related to, but fundamentally distinct from, non-ritual attitudes to agency.