The Psychology Behind Beliefs in Ghosts and Spirits
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) August 14, 2026 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21925013 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Review Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Key findings | Argues that paranormal beliefs arise from an interaction of cognitive processes, thinking styles, sleep-related experiences, and social and cultural influences, and that the direction of causality between unusual experiences and beliefs remains unresolved. |
Abstract
This independent research paper examines the psychological and social factors that may contribute to beliefs in ghosts and spirits. Drawing on research from psychology and related fields, the paper explores how cognitive processes, thinking styles, personality characteristics, sleep-related experiences, and social and cultural influences may shape the interpretation and development of paranormal beliefs. Particular attention is given to pattern recognition, intuitive and analytical thinking, sleep paralysis, and the influence of social narratives and existing belief systems. The paper considers whether unusual experiences contribute to the development of paranormal beliefs, or whether pre existing beliefs influence how unusual experiences are interpreted. Overall, the research suggests that paranormal beliefs are complex and may emerge through the interaction of individual cognition, personal experiences, and wider social and cultural influences.