DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOMETRIC VALIDATION OF THE ISLAMIC MINDFULNESS SCALE: EVIDENCE FROM CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS
Nazia Zafar, Samia Rani, Rehana Mushtaq
Journal of Innovative Research and Technology July 10, 2026 DOI: 10.66857/9300 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Scale development and validation study Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 418 |
| Population | Muslim adults |
| Topics | Meditation |
| Key points | The Islamic Mindfulness Scale (IMS) has a three-factor structure (Mindful Worship and Remembrance, Spiritual Awareness of Allah, Reflective Self-Regulation) with 17 items, excellent internal consistency (α = .92), and strong test–retest reliability (r = .91). Convergent validity was shown through positive correlations with positive religious coping and cognitive reappraisal; discriminant validity via negative correlations with psychological distress and negative religious coping. |
Abstract
The aim of this study is to develop and validate culturally grounded measure of mindfulness rooted in Islamic teachings and spiritual practices. Using a systematic scale development approach the items were initially generated through semi-structured interviews based on the operational definition of Islamic mindfulness. After content validation and item refinement the scale was administered with 418 Muslim adults and the sample was randomly divided into two data-sets for Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA; n = 209) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA; n = 209). EFA revealed a three-factor structure of Islamic Mindfulness Scale (IMS) comprising Mindful Worship and Remembrance, Spiritual Awareness of Allah and Reflective Self-Regulation. CFA supported a refined model with good fit indices comprising 17 items. Final scale demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α = .92) and strong test–retest reliability (r = .91). Convergent validity of IMS was established through positive correlations with positive religious coping and cognitive reappraisal where discriminant validity was supported by negative associations of Islamic mindfulness with psychological distress and negative religious coping. Results indicate that IMS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing mindfulness within Islamic contexts and has implications in culturally sensitive psychological research and interventions.