Development and Testing the Effectiveness of an Online Yoga Psychology–Based Mental Health Promotion Intervention for Adults

Abstract

Patañjali’s Ashtanga Yoga encompasses more than physical postures (āsana), incorporating a robust psychological framework designed to enhance mental well-being. However, current research on yoga interventions predominantly focuses on āsana (physical postures), prāṇāyāma (breathwork) and meditation, neglecting the psychological dimensions. This study develops, validates and tests a structured yoga psychology-based intervention that emphasises key components of yama and niyama (ethical disciplines), pratyāhāra (sensory withdrawal), dhāraṇā (concentration) and dhyāna (meditation). The preliminary effects of this 7-week multi-component online intervention were evaluated in 12 participants (mean age 40.08, standard deviation [SD] 8.01) using a pre–post intervention design. Data were analysed using non-parametric tests. The intervention reduced tamas ( p = .031, r = 0.6) and negative affectivity ( p = .033, r = 0.6), improved psychological well-being ( p = .015, r = 0.7), emotional well-being ( p = .016, r = 0.6), positive affect ( p = .33, r = 0.6), sattva ( p = .022, r = 0.6) and other aspects of psychological functioning such as non-attachment ( p = .020, r = 0.6) and hope ( p = .46, r = 0.5). The intervention significantly improved emotional and psychological well-being in the community-based adult sample.