Félix Varela and the Hermeneutics of the Observer: An Epistemological Reinterpretation of Inner Freedom

Abstract

This article proposes a contemporary reinterpretation of Félix Varela through the lens of the Hermeneutics of the Observer (HO), an epistemological theory that describes the dynamic structure of the human subject through an interpretive sequence composed of perception, perspective, point of view, opinion, and feedback. It argues that although Varela did not formalize a theory of consciousness, he anticipated a profound understanding of inner freedom as a process of judgment formation and transformation of consciousness. HO provides the conceptual framework that formalizes this intuition, showing that inner freedom is an epistemological phenomenon grounded in interpretive autonomy. The article also integrates the contemporary concept of Perspectival Forgetting, developed by Megan Entwistle, demonstrating the convergence between the Cuban philosophical tradition and current debates on memory, subjectivity, and experience. It concludes that HO does not replace Varela but completes and projects his thought toward a contemporary theory of subjectivity.