Lifetime Prevalence Rates of Sleep Paralysis: A Systematic Review

Lifetime prevalence of sleep paralysis varies by population: 7.6% in the general population, 28.3% in students, and 31.9% in psychiatric patients. Among psychiatric patients with panic disorder, 34.6% reported at least one episode. Minorities experience sleep paralysis at higher rates than Caucasians. The authors conclude that sleep paralysis is relatively common and should be assessed more regularly to understand its impact on functioning and its relation to psychiatric and medical conditions.

Study at a glance

Abstract

Objective To determine lifetime prevalence rates of sleep paralysis. Data Sources Keyword term searches using “sleep paralysis”, “isolated sleep paralysis”, or “parasomnia not otherwise specified” were conducted using MEDLINE (1950-present) and PsychINFO (1872-present). English and Spanish language abstracts were reviewed, as were reference lists of identified articles. Study Selection Thirty five studies that reported lifetime sleep paralysis rates and described both the assessment procedures and sample utilized were selected. Data Extraction Weighted percentages were calculated for each study and, when possible, for each reported subsample. Data Synthesis Aggregating across studies (total N = 36533), 7.6% of the general population, 28.3% of students, and 31.9% of psychiatric patients experienced at least one episode of sleep paralysis. Of the psychiatric patients with panic disorder, 34.6% reported lifetime sleep paralysis. Results also suggested that minorities experience lifetime sleep paralysis at higher rates than Caucasians. Conclusions Sleep paralysis is relatively common in the general population and more frequent in students and psychiatric patients. Given these prevalence rates, sleep paralysis should be assessed more regularly and uniformly in order to determine its impact on individual functioning and better articulate its relation to psychiatric and other medical conditions.