Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in People With Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on depression, quality of life (QoL), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in people with diabetes.

Design: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was conducted.

Methods: Eight databases (PubMed, Embase, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature [CINAHL], Cochrane, PsycINFO, and three Chinese databases) were searched for relevant studies from inception to December 2019. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of MBSR and MBCT interventions for people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes were included.

Findings: Nine studies described in 11 articles were included in the review. Meta-analysis showed a significant effect favoring MBSR and MBCT on depression (standardized mean difference -0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.16 to -0.51; p < .0001), the mental health composite score of QoL (mean difference [MD] 7.06; 95% CI 5.09 to 9.03; p < .00001), and HbA1c (MD -0.28; 95% CI -0.47 to -0.09; p = .004). However, effects on the physical health composite score of QoL have not been found.

Conclusions: MBSR and MBCT are beneficial in improving depression, the mental health composite score of QoL, and HbA1c in people with diabetes. More well-designed trials using longer follow-up measurements are needed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE MBSR and MBCT could be considered as effective complementary treatment alternatives for people with diabetes.